Look at the river. It has very little water in it. Once it was flowing well. Now it is dying. Cant you hear the cries of the dying river? The water in it is polluted. Do you get its stink? You cannot drink it. You cannot give this water even to animals. Animals will not go near it. We must make the river live forever. We must make the river our own companion
Let us identify the verb and tense elements in each of these sentences both in the If- clause and in the Main clause
# |
If-clause |
Main clause |
Sentence (1) |
Leave |
will fly |
Sentence (2) |
Were |
would receive |
Sentence(3) |
had played |
would have won |
Complete the following sentences using possible main clauses
- If I were asked to stay at home and do only household chores, .......
- If I had attended the function, ....... .
- If Raju comes to school every day, ....... .
- If Lalit had helped him do his homework, ....... .
- If I were the class teacher of class-IX, ....... .
ans:
- I would not accept
- my friend would have felt very happy
- he will shine in studies
- he would have escaped imposition
- I would try my best to improve the students performance
Writing
I. Read the last part of the speech of Chief Seattle once again?
ans:Are all the sentences of the same length? Obviously, not. The speech contains long sentences (But in your. over the red man), short ones (Where is the thicket?) and even fragments (Gone). Why do writers vary the length of the sentences? Again,why do they use different types of structures (sometimes statements, questions,exclamations, fragments, etc.)
Good writers vary their sentences to make them interesting
Sentence length can influence the mood of the piece. If youre concerned that your writing is either too choppy or too flowery, review it with an eye toward sentence length
- Is it varied
- Does it fit the mood youre trying to convey
Do you heavily favour short, simple sentences, or does the piece contain too many paragraph-long sentences
To make your texts more interesting, you should use sentences of varying lengths with a variety of structures
Read the following text
Dogs are our great companions, arent they? Any idea when the friendship between man and dogs began? Maybe, thousands of years back. Who knows! What is important is that they are manS best friends for obvious reasons. Dogs, as such, need to be walked
?Walks keep their owners healthy; and the owners can talk to their dogs. They never tell secrets. Dogs dont care what their owners observe while walking or what they watch on TV. As long as dogs are taken care of, they are happy
What are the features of this write-up? In this the variety in sentences has been obtained in a number of ways
Using different sentence types (statements, questions, exclamations, etc.)
Using elements such as tags, connectives (and, as such, etc.)
Read the following write-up
You must have heard about the Hussain Sagar Lake. It is in Hyderabad. It is one of the largest man-made lakes. Hyderabad and Secunderabad are twin cities of the State. The lake connects these cities. It was originally constructed to supply drinking water
Now it is not used as a drinking water source. People say, "This is sad. There is plenty of water.
Nobody can drink it." The lake faces a few threats. The main threat is encroachment by both private and public agencies. The lake also faces the problem of pollution. One of the locals said: Oh, sometimes it stinks horribly.
" This is due to the continuous discharge of domestic wastes and industrial chemicals. Hence it is our duty to save the Hussain Sagar Lake
I. Rewrite the sentences according to the direction given in the brackets?
- The lake connects these cities. (Change into a question).
- It is in Hyderabad. It is one of the largest man-made lakes. (Combine the two sentences using and.)
- Hyderabad and Secunderabad are twin cities of the State. The lake connects these cities. (Begin the sentence with The lake . and connect the two sentences.)
- It was originally constructed to supply drinking water. Now it is not used as a drinking water source. ( Connect using though)
- "This is sad,. ?" (Complete the sentence with a question tag.)
- "Oh, sometimes it stinks horribly."(Rewrite the sentence beginning with How )
ans:
- Does the lake connect these cities
- It is in Hyderabad and one of the largest man-made lakes
- The lake connects Hyderabad and Secunderabad which are twin cities of thestate
- Though it was originally constructed to supply drinking water, now it is not used as a drinking water source
- This is sad, isnt this (it)
- How horribly it stinks sometimes
Read the speech made by Chief Seattle once again and reflect on the following features
- The beginning and ending of the speech
- The arguments and the building up of arguments in a sequential manner
- The emotive and argumentative language used
- The variety of sentences used
- Mental images created
ans:
- The speech begins with a question that has no valid answer. And the speech ends with a paradox packed with sarcasm
- The arguments are developed gradually and in a logical and powerful sequence
- The language used is filled with emotions and rhetoric
- A wide variety of sentences add force and interest to the argument
- A good number of mental images employed in the speech serve a very valuable purpose
II. Prepare a speech that you would like to make on the World Environment Day. You can make use of the following hints ?
- The threats to animal and plant life
- The pollution of air, water and earth and the consequences
- The need to preserve our environment for ourselves and for the future generations
ans:Good evening everyone. We are all here on the occasion of the World Environment
Day. It is definitely not a happy gathering. Are we not aware of the most serious problem we face today ? Yes, it is fast polluting environment. Who, then, is responsible ? It is we, the makind. And the sufferers ? Plants and animals too ! And they suffer for none of their faults
Was pollution a problem centuries ago too ? No, it wasnt. Why, then, now it poses a serious threat ? Is man today not as intelligent as his forefathers? No, it is not the question of intelligence. It isthe question of wisdom. In good olden days man was wise and selfless. Now man has become clever and selfish
Mother Earth can satisfy every oneS needs. But man wants his greed to be satisfied. The result? The very existence of LIFE on the earth becomes doubtful in a few hundred years. Why
ManS selfishness results in senseless falling of trees. Industrialisation leads to pouring out of poison into air, water, and the earth. Automobiles add to air and noise pollution. Excessive use of pesticides and fertilisers leave food items, ground water, and even the earth full of harmful chemicals. The list, in fact, is too long to be completed now
What, then can we do now? Should we silently suffer? Can we remain as mere spectators? Does Mother Earth excuse us if we dont respond? Can we forgive ourselves if we dont react? No. Let us do our bit. Let us plant a tree each on every important event. Let us stop using automobiles at least once a week. Let us promote awareness among villagers once a month. Let us ask the public representatives to make effective laws to prevent pollution. Let us pledge to become strong soldiers in the war against pollution. Let us promise to bring peace into the minds of every living being. Let us strive to see Mother Earth have green smile all over her surface! Say Green is Great!
Jai Green Earth ! Bye Dear friends
Study Skills
I. Study the following table, which shows the ranking of districts in Andhra Pradesh in terms of industrial pollution intensity?
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Answer the following questions
1. Which district tops the list in pollution intensity?
ans:Krishna district tops the list in pollution intensity
2. Which region of Andhra Pradesh has the least pollution intensity?
ans:In terms of regions, it is the Rayalaseema region that has the least pollution intensity
3. What percentage of land is affected by industrial pollution in Guntur?
ans:46.87% of land is affected in Guntur
4. What percentage of land is not affected by industrial pollution in Krishna district?
ans:42.37% of land in Krishna district is not affected
5. What are the comparisons that you can make related to the two regions in terms of pollution intensity?
ans:Rayalaseema is the least affected Area. In Andhra region too, Krishna, the Godavari districts, Visakhapatnam, Sreekakulam district have high intensity of pollution
II. Write an analytical report on the pollution intensity in Andhra Pradesh?
ans:The Pollution Intensity figures for Andhra Pradesh are rather alarming. Krishna, East Godavari too join together in alerting us to awake. What comforts us a little bit is the position of pollution in districts like Kadapa and Ananthapur. But that doesnt leave any scope for sleep or rest. The picture presents a grave problem. We are all to work for a solution. That too as early as possible. The quicker we work out the solution, the better for us!
Listening
Practise listening carefully. Then you will be able to speak
Listen to the Earth Song by Michael Jackson and answer the following questions
EARTH SONG
What about sunrise
What about rain
What about all the things
That you said we were to gain .
What about killing fields
Is there a time
What about all the things
That you said was yours and mine.
Did you ever stop to notice
All the blood weve shed before
Did you ever stop to notice
The crying Earth the weeping shores?
What have we done to the world
Look what weve done
What about all the peace
That you pledge your only son.
What about flowering fields
Is there a time
What about all the dreams
That you said was yours and mine.
Did you ever stop to notice
All the children dead from war
Did you ever stop to notice
The crying Earth the weeping shores
- Michael Jackson
1. How does Michael Jackson respond to manS attack on Nature?
ans:Man has been attacking Nature mercilessly. Michael Jackson is moved. He is concerned. He asks everyone to think. He asks everyone to notice the crying earth. He appeals for peace, protection, preservation. He uses a series of questions to convince the reader
2. What is the mood of the song? Indicate by putting a tick(?)?
- sadness ( )
- anger ( )
- anguish ( )
- joy ( )
ans:
Oral Activity
Discuss the following in groups
1. Why do writers often write about these things (things like earth)?
2. In what ways does nature influence man?
3. Can it shape oneS personality?
ans:"Mother earth motivates writers in many ways. Poets find Mother earth as an endless source of inspiration. EarthS colour, shape, textures, life it supports and many more things have formed themes of a lot many works."
"But these days the major theme has been "how man abuses Mother earth". People have become not only selfish but also senseless. Their cruelty to earth is going to cost a heavy price to man."
"Nature is manS best benefactor. It gives us rich food, fresh water, and clean air. It provides us with chances to play. It entertains us. It educates us. It fills our minds with great ideas. It sets models of behaviour."
"Nature helps one develop oneS personality well. It creates plenty of opportunities to learn, to correct, to improve, to perform and to progress. Hence great persons, poets, philosophers appreciate NatureS glory and acknowledge its service. They appeal for the preservation of nature for posterity."
Literary Terms
Literary elements
The essential techniques used in literature (e.g., characterization, setting, plot, theme)
Literary devices
Tools used by the author to enliven and provide voice to the writing (e.g., dialogue, alliteration)
Metaphor
The comparison of two, unlike things in which no words of comparison (like or as)are used (e.g., That new kid in class is really a squirrel.)
Narrative
A story, actual or fictional, expressed orally or in writing.
Personification
An object or abstract idea given human qualities or human form (e.g., Flowers danced about the lawn.)
Satire
A literary tone used to ridicule or make fun of human vice or weakness
Simile
A comparison of two, unlike things in which a word of comparison (like or as) is used(e.g., She eats like a bird.)
Metaphor vs. Simile
A metaphor is direct relationship where one thing is another (e.g. "Juliet is the sun"). A simile, on the other hand, is indirect and usually only likened to be similar to something else. Similes usually use "like" or "as" (e.g. "Your eyes are like the ocean")
What Is Man Without The Beasts? Summary in English
Chief SeattleS speech "What is Man Without the Beasts" is a heart-rending, thought provoking, and environment-protecting piece. These words flowed directly out of SeattleS heart when the white chief proposed to buy the land in which the Red Indians were living
Seattle says that the idea of buying is strange. We are a part of the earth. The earth is not a part of us. We cannot own the warmth of the land, the sparkle of the water, the freshness of the air or the vastness of the sky. Then, how can we buy or sell them ? The land is the ash of our grandfathers. The river is the blood of our brothers
The air that we breathe binds all the living beings together. The plants and animals around us are all our brothers and sisters. The land, the water, and the air are sacred to us. They are precious to us. We respect them. We worship them. They protect us. They sustain us
Without beasts, we become lonely in spirit. If we kill them, we will die later. If we harm the earth, it harms us
The white manS words of buying and offering make no sense to me. What we know is to live in the lap of nature. What we teach our children is to respect every living being. We know only living not surviving
What Is Man Without The Beasts? Glossary
beasts (n - plural) : wild animals
resonate (v) : resound, echo
gospel (n) : the Bible; final and pious saying
sparkle (n) : shine; brightness
sacred (adj) : holy; pious
pine (n) : a kind of tree
sap (n) : the liquid in plants carrying food to various parts
courses (verb- simple present) : passes; moves ; flow
perfumed (adj) : sweet scented
crests (n - plural) : tops of hills ; rocks
pony (n) : a type of a small horse
ancestors (n - plural) : forefathers
ghostly (adj) : of a ghost
quench (v) : satisfy; fulfil
canoes (n - plural) : light, narrow boats
numb (adj) : insensitive (Note that the letter b is silent).
stench (n) : strong, unpleasant smell
savage(n) : an uncivilized person
rotting (adj; v+ing) : decaying, decomposing
prairie (n) : a piece of land covered mainly with grass (with not many trees)
the smoking iron horse (phrase) : the train (Notice the creativity of the innocent person with a kind heart and wise mind.)
befalls (v - simple present tense) : happen to (particularly something bad)
web (n) : a complicated pattern of things
strand (n) : a single piece/line of thread
compassion (n) : a strong feeling of symathy
heap (v) : put a lot
contempt (n) : lack of respect; not treating someone with due respect
perishing (n - v+ing) : destruction
dominion (n) : authority; control
slaughtered (v - past tense) : killed
blotted (v-past tense) : covered
thicket (n) : a group of bushes